1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY

Terms and definitions: Overloading - under voltage - over voltage. Concepts of transients - short duration variations such as interruption – long duration variation such as sustained interruption. Sags and swells – voltage sag – voltage swell – voltage imbalance – voltage fluctuation - power frequency variations. International standards of power quality. Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Associations (CBEMA) curve.

2. VOLTAGESAGS, INTERRUPTIONS AND OVERVOLTAGES

Sources of sags and interruptions- estimating voltage sag performance. Thevenin’s equivalent source –analysis and calculation of various faulted condition. Voltage sag due to induction motor starting. Estimation of the sag severity- mitigation of voltage sags, active series compensators. Sources of over voltages - Capacitor switching – lightning - ferro resonance. Mitigation of voltage swells - surge arresters - low pass filters - power conditioners. Lightning protection – shielding – line arresters - protection of transformers and cables.

3. HARMONICS

Harmonic sources from commercial and industrial loads, locating harmonic sources. Power system response characteristics- Harmonics Vs transients. Effect of harmonics- harmonic distortion- voltage and current distortion - harmonic indices - inter harmonics – resonance. Harmonic distortion evaluation -devices for controlling harmonic distortion – passive and active filters.

4. REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION

Reactive power flow control in Power Systems – Control of dynamic power unbalances in Power System – Power flow control – Constraints of maximum transmission line loading – Benefits of FACTS Transmission line compensation – Uncompensated line – Shunt compensation – Series compensation – Phase angle control – Reactive power compensation – Shunt and Series compensation principles – Reactive compensation at transmission and distribution level-Power Factor Correction methods .

5. STATIC SHUNT AND SERIES COMPENSATORS

Shunt Compensator: SVC and STATCOM – Operation and control of TSC, TCR and STATCOM – Compensator control – Comparison between SVC and STATCOM.

Series Compensator: TSSC, SSSC -Static voltage and phase angle regulators – TCVR and TCPAR Operation and Control –Applications – Static series compensation – GCSC,TSSC, TCSC and Static synchronous series compensators and their Control – SSR and its damping.

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